What Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to...

SOCIAL POLICY PROJECT MODULE: SS3P02N Question: What are the major issues that cause inner city youth to join gangs and become delinquent? Discuss whether the New Labour Government’s policies have been effective in solving these issues? 2010 Project by: Alice Mutumba Student No: 05038460 CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Summary The perception that gang culture in relation to youth crime is growing in the UK is intensified by the media, it is very rare to read a daily paper these days without coming across some mention of gang related crime. In order to understand why some of the young people living in the global city join gangs it is important to have a clear definition of what a gang is and to also investigate the role of the media†¦show more content†¦value of property stolen, physical and emotional impact) but also the costs of responding to it e.g. cost of the criminal justice system. The Home Office analysis suggests that an individual offender might cost the tax payer on average of  £300,000 to get through the system. It is estimated that young people aged 10- 16 years are responsible for around 25 per cent of crime, thus a total cost in the region of  £6bn is spent per year on fighting youth crime (including crime against business and the public sector). (Data taken from the YAP impact assessment on the Home office website cited 15/12/09) 1.3 New Labour ‘Tough on Crime’ The way in which young people are represented and understood in relation to crime has changed rapidly over the last century, undoubtedly the biggest change came about after the moral panic caused by the murder of the toddler James Bulger by two 10-year-old boys in February 1993. Since then youth crime in general has been at the centre of public, media and government scrutiny. Not wanting to appear soft on crime Tony Blair as shadow home secretary in 1993 declared that Labour would be tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime. He laid down the contours of New Labours so called respect agenda. In which he differentiated between what he called the law-abiding majority and the unruly minority. Thus there has been no surprise that under the New Labour Government young people have become subject toShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial

Argumentative Essay On Tobacco - 1049 Words

Although many claim the opposite smoking tobacco has been proved scientifically to be addictive. Addiction is when a person is physically and mentally dependent on a particular substance and is unable to stop taking it without incurring unpleasant effects. Once the body tastes nicotine the addictive chemical found in cigarettes it craves for more. Nicotine creates a pleasurable feeling that appeals to the smoker. However, since nicotine is the only addictive drug in tobacco if extracted from tobacco then tobacco wont be addictive. Each cigarette contains 10 milligrams of nicotine drug, but a person only inhales 1 to 2 milligrams of that nicotine which is still enough to cause addiction. The effects of nicotine start to diminish within a†¦show more content†¦This paper discusses the long-term effects of using nicotine effects on brain social implications and gives details about death rates among people who use tobacco. According to research, nicotine produces mood-altering ef fects in a person’s brain which are temporally pleasing. Sometime back one of my friends who were a regular smoker claimed to feel good and motivated to do any task after he smoked. Although he later on stopping smoking he always said that smoking was the best thing that had happened in his life. I, later on, discovered that the reason behind his happy mood after taking a puff was contributed by nicotine, which triggered his brain to produce a happy feeling. Use of nicotine is said to cause several social influences. For instance, smoking plays an integral part in starting a conversation among smokers. A conversation is normally started as a smoker asks for a light or a cigarette. In addition, it is also difficult for a person to quit his/her friends whom they smoke together. Some of the long-term effects of smoking include sleep disorders irritability, lack of concentration severe headaches and anxiety. Pure nicotine is said to be extremely poisonous and it can cause death. Currently, use of nicotine is said to be causing the highest number of deaths in the United States. It causesShow MoreRelatedEssay Smoking Tobacco Smoking811 Words   |  4 Pagesof Tobacco Smoking among the Students of Puntod National High School: A Basis for Preventative Measure To Deter Student from Smoking ï » ¿CHAPTER 1 The Problem Introduction The use of tobacco is not a recent phenomenon. It has been said that tobacco plants have grown in North and South America since 6,000 B.C.1. It was also believed that tobacco had many healing qualities which made its use widespread2. In the 17th... Premium 14136 Words 57 Pages Smoking Tobacco smokingRead MoreAssignment On Income Inequality : Extinction Of The American Dream885 Words   |  4 PagesMy intension for all of my essay assignments during this semester were to have strong supporting examples for the thesis statements, use proper grammar, and choose good advanced words to show more professional mind. With good advises from Smarthinking tutors, my dad, and my peers, I have progressed my papers toward better essays. I have saved my papers individually as I corrected them to show the progressions. In my argumentative essay, Income Inequality: Extinction of the American Dream, I usedRead MoreBanning The Advertising Of Tobacco Use906 Words   |  4 Pagesn this essay, I will discuss the positives and negatives related to countries banning the advertising of tobacco use, the complexities of the argument, finished with my own perspective. This is a highly argumentative debate that countries of the free world have argued for several decades. I’ll start by explaining the dangers of smoking tobacco. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC) in the United States of America, tobacco use contributes cancers of and not limited to: Read MoreArgumentive Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay Legalization of Marijuana Ashley Bassett Eng. 1301 Instructor: Pam Hesser pg.1 The recreational use of Marijuana should be legalized. According to the New York Times The social costs of the marijuana laws are vast. There were 658,000 arrests for marijuana possession in 2012, according to F.B.I. Figures compared with 256,000 for cocaine, heroin and their derivatives. 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In this argumentative essay I hope to explain why cannabis can and should be legalized. The reason I believe marijuana should be legal is that there is no decent reason for it not to be legalized. Some people ask why should marijuana be legalized? but I ask Why shouldn’tRead MoreJuveniles Being Tried as Adults1057 Words   |  5 Pageseven â€Å"kids† under the age of sixteen are engaging in these vicious acts. When a child comes of age, they advance to being able to enjoy but not abuse adult liberties. Adolescents attain a numerous freedoms like the right to vote, buy a home, and buy tobacco goods and alcohol, however most importantly they become responsible for their behavior. Many aren’t aware of the temptations that come about once the age of maturity is reached. The mature criminal justice system is not meant to meet the desires ofRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Cigarette Smoking1812 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Cigarette smoking in the Philippines should be banned because it poses a great threat to the health of the family members† Argumentative essay I. Introduction A. It has been an increasing concern about the effects of smoking in the family. B. Cigarette smoking not only affects the smoker but also the others around the smoker. II. Body (Discuss the issue) A. Smoking is mostly caused by sociocultural factors. * They smoke to gain adult status. * They smoke to conformRead MoreArgumentative Essay : The Legalization Of Marijuana1293 Words   |  6 PagesArgumentative Essay: The Legalization of Marijuana in the United States Should we legalize marijuana? That is an excellent question. First, we must explore the history of Cannabis. Cannabis was introduced to the United States in the 1600’s, first encouraged by the federal government for domestic hemp production, cannabis soon became a required crop for farmers to grow. Hemp was recognized for its medical benefits and was the main fiber used in industrial textiles. Marijuana thrived until the earlyRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pages philosophical essays, and book excerpts, all of which will be posted on Blackboard (http://blackboard.wm.edu). Goals of the Course: By taking Contemporary Moral Issues, students will: learn how to read difficult philosophical texts and gain an understanding and appreciation of important arguments in the field; learn how to express their thoughts in writing clearly and concisely (students will have the opportunity to attain this goal through response papers, quizzes and essays); learn how to

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) as a Communications Tool

Question: Describe about Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) as a communications tool? Answer: Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) as a communications tool Many businesses internationally have successfully introduced Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) in place of the traditional old telephone system. The term VoIP is defined as the process by which voice communications and multimedia sessions are delivered through Internet Protocol which is popularly known as internet. VoIP is also known as IP telephony or Internet telephony. (Poole, 2005) According to the research which was conducted by Cox revealed that VoIP is of four different types which are as follows: Self provided- this type of VoIP is mainly used for residential purposes such as Skype which is application software that enables free video calls across the world. IP telephony which is independent of internet- this type of VoIP is provided to make internet calls to the Plain Ordinary Telephone Service (POTS). For example, Net2phone. IP telephony with internet- this type of VoIP enables people to make calls through the broadband process. Business LAN or WAN- this type of VoIP formulates to replace the Plain Ordinary Telephone Service (POTS) and make use of network solution. There are several advantages of the VoIP. VoIP is technique of making phone calls with low cost, it also helps to utilize network capacity, it is not bounded to a particular location, it is compatible with other applications, it also has the feature to store the call history and has an advantage of voice recognition. VoIP also involves a lot of risk factor which includes development issue regarding risk in project management; there are questions on the quality and reliability of service. VoIP also involves the risk of spam internet telephony and also causes environmental risks. (Uys, 2009) References Poole, I. (2005). What exactly is VoIP?.Communications Engineer, 3(2), pp.44-45. Uys, L. (2009). Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) as a communications tool in South African business.Academic Journals. [online] Available at: https://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380530093_Uys.pdf [Accessed 12 Mar. 2015].

Oligopoly - Monopolistic CompetitionEconomics

Question: (a) Identify the key characteristic of four market structures (ie. monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition or monopolistic competition). Give a case study example of each market structure. (b) Explain what negative externalities are, and why there may be a case for government intervention to address them. Describe some of the ways to correct the negative externalities and the pros and cons of each method. Provide real life examples. (c) Choose a case study from your home country (CHINA) where an externality exists in a current market. Illustrate the situation with externalities in your case study and the resulting deadweight loss in a diagram and discuss ways that your government has addressed the presence of negative externalities in the market. Answer: There are four kinds of market named monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition and monopolistic competition. All the different kinds of markets are discussed below one by one. Monopoly Market Monopoly market can be defined as the scenario when there is a single seller present in the market for a particular product and the seller does not have any competition at all. The buyers have no option but to purchase the commodity or services in the time of need from the single seller available. In this scenario the seller may enjoy the benefit of being sole supplier and may play with the price of the commodity on their own sweet will. (Monopoly, 2015) The different characteristics of the monopoly market are: Maximizing profit may be the sole motive of the seller since they are the only one present in the market. Price discrimination is often seen in the monopoly market as the market is dominated by the seller and thus they charge the prices of the product as per the nature and behaviour of the market either being elastic or inelastic. In the monopoly market the single seller is the price maker of the product. They may also vary with the quality and price of the product as per their needs of maximising returns and reducing cost. The market is dominated by the single seller to such an extent that it becomes more than difficult for the new entrants to enter the market and break the monopoly. Since the whole market is single company dominance therefore that particular company can only be called as the whole industry of such product. (Monopolies) The real life example of monopoly market in China is the state- owned oil companies which supplies crude oil to the private oil companies there. In the above diagram PABC is the area which denotes the super normal profits. In general, the profitability measure is defined by the competition level but since this is a monopoly market so there is no competition and thus revenue is higher than cost even before the event of MR = MC. (Daiss, 2013) Oligopoly Market This kind of market has no much difference when compared to the monopoly market. This market is also dominated but unlike monopoly market in this scenario the market is dominated not by a single seller but by few sellers countable in number. These few sellers generally form different collusions so as to control the price and supply of the particular product they sell. (Oligopoly) The characteristics of such market are that same as monopolists maximizing profits are the motive of the oligopolists too. They are the price setters and the entries to the new entrants being small businesses are quite difficult. Since the sellers are few number and are very large organizations thus their interdependencies of activities and its effect on all the sellers. (Oligopoly, 2014) Examples of the oligopoly market are few operators in mobile company in India named BSNL, Airtel, Idea, Reliance, etc. Also few major airline companies may also be considered to be in the oligopoly market. In the airline services the limited number of companies generally creates collusions among them and fixes the prices of the services. This practice of the airline service is known as creating a cartel. Cartels are the practice of deciding the prices amongst them by the sellers so as to keep hold on the market and create barriers for the new entrants. (Real life examples) Perfect Competition In general the perfect competition market is also known as the pure competition. Here there are large number of buyers and large number of sellers competing on a similar platform. The seller here is the price taker as the price here is determined by the demand supply equilibrium curve. In the below mentioned graph, P is the price determined for the quantity Q. The meeting point of the marginal revenue curve and marginal cost curve is the point where the firm is earning normal profit. In this kind of market the firm only earns normal profit due to enough transparency and good number of new entrants. (Perfect Competition) Some characteristics of this kind of market are: No barrier to the new entrants as well as to the quitters. Buyer as well as seller is well informed about the market trends. The products are homogenous in nature and are perfect substitute for each other. Innumerable numbers of sellers as well as buyers are present in the market competing and making it a perfect marketing competition. Absence of externalities as the cost or benefits of any activity does not affect the third party. (Perfect Competition, 2014) One of the very old examples of the perfectly competitive market is the Fish Market. There are large numbers of fishmongers catching fish and selling them in their local market. They are the price takers and need to follow the price trend of the market in order to survive. The fish products are highly perishable and cannot be stored and sold for much longer period of time. Due to this perish ability of the product the need to be sold as soon as possible, this nature of the product allowing the market to be high competitive and ready market for the local vendors. Local vendors are the price takers and are not able to demand price from the buyer on their own sweet will. The price of such product is decided by the equilibrium point of the demand and supply, following the demand and supply theorem. (Yih, 2013) Monopolistic Competition Monopolistic Competition is the impure competition market where the seller does not have the control on the impact on its own prices. There are large numbers of sellers selling differentiated products which are though not homogenous but are competing for the same customers. The products are not the perfect substitutes of each other but are definitely a close one. In this type of market in short run super normal profit may be possible but in long run it does not happen as there is free and easy entry for the new entrants and a good opportunity to differentiate with the help of sound knowledge. Here the below mentioned graph is same as diagram 1 above, it is shown the super normal profit earned depicted by the area PABC which is possible only in short run period. The characteristics of this market are that there is no barrier for the new entrants. The products are differentiated on different bases such as physical product differentiation, where the products are differentiated on the basis of their physical appearance. Marketing differentiation, where the strategies are different for different product in the market. Human capital differentiation, this is basically related to the staffs and employees and differentiation through distribution, where different means and channels are selected to market the product. The sole motive of the firms under this market are maximizing their profits as generally these are small firms with controlling manager giving his heart to achieve its goal. The examples of the monopolistic competition market are hotel, pubs and restaurant business or consumer services such as beauty parlours etc. The products like shampoo, soap and other utility products are also examples of monopolistic competition market because of the slightest differentiation among all such products of different firms. (Monopolistic Competition) Answer: Externalities are the impact on the third party as a result of production and consumption. There are two types of externalities negative and positive. Positive externalities are the impact which is beneficial to the third party. The practice of bee-keeping besides agro farm enables the farm to bloom as well as feeds the necessities of the bee-keeping. The third party does not pay for the same but receives the advantages and benefits. However, the negative externalities are the impact on the third party due to production and consumption pattern. In production pattern the pollutants evolved in the process of production polluting the environment is affecting the society whereas in the consumption pattern the hazardous impact on the society due to certain consumption of the individuals are externalities here. Smokers polluting the environment in a public place say a movie theatre where smoking is not banned, the theatre authority is indirectly spoiling the fun of the non-smokers and are not even compensating for the same. (Riley, 2012) There are two types of negative externality, one is the negative production externality and the second is the negative consumption externality as described above. Production externality can also be correlated with the smoke emit tents for the factory chimney polluting the environment creating air pollution, also with the waste effluents discharged in the water affecting the water bodies hazardously and the fishermen business creating water pollution as well. However, in this type of externality the third party which are affected been compensated generally. Negative externalities can be illustrated as below: Air pollution which created by the chimneys of the factories. Also burning the public resources of fossils fuels and hampering the agro crops are the air pollution and negative externalities. Noise pollution created during the production process from the heavy machineries disallowing the neighbourhood to live in peace is also considered to be the negative externality. Water pollution from the waste disposals in the production process are the considered the same. Polluting water bodies are serious health hazard for the living being and society as we all know how much water is for us. The compensation is also paid to the fishermen when the dam built affects their means of livelihood. Also the small fishermen are compensated when the large vendor strains out all the fishes in the sea and leaving none for the smaller vendors resulting in overfishing. These are all the examples of negative externalities. The methods of dealing with these are mentioned below: Taxing the activities It has been rightly said that humans prevent themselves from doing something if they are supposed to compensate for doing so. Taxing is one of the methods which will make the party think rationally and economically before doing such activity. If the producers are taxed for the amount of effluents discharged or the hazardous by products evolved from the main production process, then they will definitely put a check on such evolution and will try to curb it. In contrary it may also happen that the burden of such tax is shifted to the consumers of the main product resulting in higher cost to the ultimate consumers. However, government may put some restrictions on such policies by intervening into the matter. This method can be successfully implied for the product which has a perfectly competitive market where the price rise may reduce the demand of the product. Environment Protection Rules and Regulations There may be introduced certain agencies which will make and check the policies in protection of the environment. These are for the welfare of the society as well as the environment. These agencies will be under the surveillance of the government. This particular method may not be fruitful for the government companies destroying the harmony of the environment as the government has the control over both agency and company thus chances of red tapism. Internalization of the cost The cost of compensation is internalized so as to incorporate it into the cost of production and sales. This method will encourage the firms to make best allocation of resources and make optimum utilisation of such resources so as to minimize the cost. This method may not be successful for the firms which are unable to reduce their cost due to their inefficiencies and thus resulting higher cost of the product to the consumers. (Externality, 2014) These negative externalities are basically dealt with the base ground of ethics. Ethically the governance of the firm should be positive and bend towards the welfare of the society as a whole instead of just maximising its returns. In the below given diagram Q is the quantity produced which is beneficial to the society but if the firm producing quantity Q* then the gray patch showing the deadweight welfare loss (DWL) to the society is suffered. (Negative Externality) By dealing with the stock and fund pollutants society can gain as a whole. The production pattern and the consumption pattern of the society play a very prominent role in the society welfare thus we need to behave sustainably, rationally and ethically to achieve our goal. Government intervention is crucial because studying the behavioural pattern of mankind, they will only do the needful when they are forced to do or the same is their requirement. To conclude, the society as a whole will have to put their best foot forward in this aspect to save our environment and avoid such negative externalities. Answer: In China, the most popular thing about it is its rapid growth and its economy. But the cost of this economy and growth is such higher that not only the china but the world as a whole will to pay for it. The china has been growing not only in the industrialization but also in its agricultural sector feeding 22% of the world masses. There has been lot many externalities which have resulted from this rapid growth. This externality is its pollution rate which is adversely affecting not only the China countrymen but the whole worlds population. The rate of air pollutants emitted from the factory chimneys has become the major constraint for the health issue of Chinese government. The loud sound produced by the heavy machineries in the factories has killed the environmental peace of the whole environment. It has also been addressed that the amount of harmful wastes and effluents secreted by the agricultural land is much more when compared to that of effluents generated from the factories in the production process. It has been acknowledged that the amount of insecticides, pesticides and the chemical fertilisers used in the agricultural process is the main reason for such harmful effluents. (Lucchesi) In a case study it can be seen that the Industrialist X is involved in the production process which is emitting sulphur dioxide gases as its waste from its big chimneys. Sulphur is very hazardous for the living being on the planet. Its accumulation leads to the acid rain which destroys the crops, heritage as well as is unhealthy for the beings. X is at its growth period and due to the grant of subsidy from the government day by day it is increasing its production quantum which is also resulting in the increase in the harmful gases. In the sector just like X other industrialist also at a growing pace are increasing their supply. As a result deadweight loss has occurred. Dead weight loss can be defined as the loss to the society due to inefficiencies created by the market. It can be allocative inefficiencies or the restrictive trade-offs. Externalities are also one of the reasons for the dead weight losses. In the below mentioned diagram the shaded portion is the dead weight losses resulting due to the externality of heavy pollution emission from the Xs factories. S1 is the Supply curve before the grant of subsidy, whereas the S2 is the supply curve after the subsidy. Increased supply with same amount of demand has although increased the quantity but at the same time with the effect of the demand supply relationship reduced the price of the product. The increasing sulphur dioxide in the environment is a matter of concern for the government. It was the biggest challenge for the government to deal with the situation but at the same time not to affect the quantum of production in the sector. So as to address the issue tactfully government has issued a policy of emission credits. Every firm are issued the measure of emission credits up to which they can emit such gases and will be penalised heavily if the limit exceeds. These credits were made transferable so that if due to some reason the emission is less for X then it can sell such credits to the other firm which can raise its limit of emission by such quantum. In this way the quantum of pollutant in the environment will be limited to the amount of credits mentioned in such transcripts. At the same time by this method the production quantum of the sector will also not be reduced. (Micro: Externalities- Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in China) The issue of such negative externalities are very harmfully impacting the mankind. Numerous premature deaths are occurring due to the inhaling of such poisonous gases as well as intake of hard chemically fertilised food crops. Not only the air but the water is too polluted causing too many deaths. The brown clouds of sulphur accumulating over the seas will lead to acid rain in the ocean which will not only contaminate the water but will also destroy the water bodies and habitants inside the oceans. The people in China were dying due to the many dangerous diseases such as diarrhoea, bladder and stomach cancer all because of the polluted water intakes and polluted air surrounding us. It has become need of the hour for the government to look in to the matter seriously and take proper steps. References Daiss, T. (2013, July 4). China state owned oil monopoly system to slowly change. Retrieved January 6, 2015, from https://www.energytribune.com/77959/china-state-owned-oil-monopoly-system-to-slowly-change#sthash.62i9K5yj.dpbs. Externality. (2014, december 26). Retrieved January 06, 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality. Lucchesi, M. (n.d.). China: Growth and Consequences Growth and Externalities in China. Retrieved 2015, from https://www.ncuscr.org/files/Lucchesi_Curriculum_Project.pdf. Micro: Externalities- Air Pollution and Life Expectancy in China. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from https://www.tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/unit-1-micro-externalities-air-pollution-and-life-expectancy-in-china. Monopolies. (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2015, from https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Monopoly.html. Monopolistic Competition. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Monopolistic_competition.html. Monopoly. (2015, January 5). Retrieved 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly. Negative Externality. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from https://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/negative-externality.php. Oligopoly. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/oligopoly.asp. Oligopoly. (2014, December 23). Retrieved 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligopoly. Perfect Competition. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perfectcompetition.asp. Perfect Competition. (2014, December 18). Retrieved 2015, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_competition. Real life examples. (n.d.). Retrieved 2015, from https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/give-real-life-examples-monopoly-perfect-111737. Riley, G. (2012, september 23). Negative Externalities. Retrieved 2015, from https://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-marketfailure-negative-externalities.html. Yih, C. C. (2013, July 1). The Fresh Fish Market - A Perfect Competition. Retrieved 2015, from https://economicsmalaysia.blogspot.in/2013/07/the-fresh-fish-market-perfect.html.

Management Practices free essay sample

Who are Managers A manager is someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be accomplished. A manager’s job is not about personal achievements-it is about helping others do their work. That may mean coordinating the work of a departmental group, or it might mean supervising a single person. It could involve coordinating the work activities of a team of people from different departments or even people outside the organization, such as temporary employees or employees who work for organization’s suppliers. A manager’s work may also include duties not related to coordinating and overseeing others’ work. A manager is one who contributes to the organization’s goals indirectly by directing the efforts of others-not by performing the task himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practices or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the other hand, a person who is not a manager makes his contribution to the organization’s goals directly by performing the task himself. What is Management Simply speaking, management is what managers do. Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively, by the people responsible for doing them. According to Mary Parker Follett, â€Å"Management is the art of getting things done through people†. (by being with them) Two weaknesses of Mary Parker Follett’s Definition are:- 1. It uses the word â€Å"art† in defining management. To say that management is merely an art is to state a half-truth. Art deals with the application of knowledge. Management is not merely application of knowledge. It also involves acquisition of knowledge i. e. science. Management based on rules of thumb or intuition is not correct management. 2. This definition does not throw light on various functions of a manager. George R Terry defines management as a process â€Å"consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources. † This definition highlights:- 1. Management is a process-systematic way of doing things 2. Four management activities included in this process are: planning, organizing, actuating and controlling. 3. Planning means that managers think of their ctions in advance, which are usually based on some method, plan or logic, rather than on a hunch. Organizing means that managers coordinate the human and managerial resources of the organization. Actuating means that managers motivate and direct subordinates.

Effective Habits of Your Site Administrator

Effective Habits of Your Site Administrator Free Online Research Papers Discipline and persistence are the foundation of my site administrator’s effective habits on campus. By him remaining open-hearted and steadily focused on the bigger picture, in an environment that can become politically charged and sometimes physically dangerous, he is able to eliminate all stress and sometimes prevent political turmoil. He leads a Title I middle-school, in the south side of the city. The majority of the students come from lower socio-economic status environments, and he has maintained a reputation for being fair, honest and a person that gets things done! He takes the time to listen to individuals, as an individual, and never treats anyone less than an individual. Atop of his professionalism, my administrator holds qualities and habits of mind such as faith, patience, intuition, humility, expectancy, inspiration, compassion, and spirituality. Managing and/or leading from the heart makes all the difference in the world. My administrator hears and understands his staff/students. Even if he disagrees with someone, he doesn’t necessarily make them wrong, but he acknowledges the greatness within them, looks for their goods intentions, and is always truthful with people, with compassion in his words. He holds an open door policy, and is always visible throughout the day, throughout the school. Don’t misunderstand his humbleness, for he is very proactive, always beginning with the end in mind, while working towards the goal one step at a time. He initially seeks to understand fully, and then he seeks to be fully understood. In order to achieve the latter, he first builds agreement and trust from others in support of his vision; he doesn’t rely on control; his vision becomes ours. By expressing an innovative style of leadership, he focuses on people, not on the system, all the while promoting others to do what is right, not to do things right. My administrator has led his middle-school out of the lowest-scoring status school in the district, to the highest-scoring school in the district. His staff is 100% loyal, content and dedicated to the vision he has shared with us as a family. Research Papers on Effective Habits of Your Site AdministratorStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Marketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paper

Leonardo da vinci and the science work Research Paper

Leonardo da vinci and the science work - Research Paper Example This paper details a brief account of Leonardo Da Vinci’s life, his achievements and discoveries and an analysis of his life based on the parts of creativity. Brief Biography Leonardo was born on 15th April, 1452, in Vinci, Italy, out of wedlock and raised by his father, ser Piero, and his step mother. In the modern sense, Leonardo had no surname and was named â€Å"da Vinci† meaning â€Å"of Vinci†. However, his full names were â€Å"Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci† implying â€Å"Leonardo, son of ser Peiro, from Vinci†. Little literature is available about Leonardo’s early life. According to Vasari (23-32), Leonardo lived in Achiano, his mother’s home, for the first five years of his life and later moved to his father’s household in Vinci. His father had remarried numerous times. Fig. 1 Leonardo’s portrait Leonardo attained informal education on mathematics, geometry and Latin language. He joined Verrocchio’s work shop at the age of fourteen. He was exposed to chemistry, leather working, mechanics, carpentry, drawing, painting and metallurgy (Buchholz 35-40). He graduated at the age of twenty as a qualified master in the union of doctors of medicine and artists. At the age of 22, court records indicate that Leonardo Da Vinci was charged and exonerated of sodomy (Vasari 58). In 1482, Leonardo was commissioned by Lorenzo de Medici to create a silver lyre in the shape of a horse’s head. ... Within his life, his â€Å"great strength and generosity, outstanding physical beauty, and aspects of life† attracted the curiosity of many people (Vasari 67). Leonardo had numerous friends who are also renowned for their contributions in history and other fields. He kept his private life discrete and was involved in numerous intimate relationships with his pupils. Accomplishments Buchholz (76) regards Leonardo as a genius and a renaissance man. Additionally, he is described as a man whose immeasurable inquisitiveness was made equal only by his powers of invention. Arguably, his talents stretched further than his artistic works. Like most of the renaissance leaders, he did not observe any separation and distinction between art and science. Leonardo is primarily known as a painter (Moon 83). Two of his paintings, the Mona Lisa and The last Supper, are the most celebrated, reproduced and imitated paintings. Leonardo’s iconic drawing of the Vitruvian Man is renowned. He al so made numerous notebooks where he made scientific drawings, and diagrams. However, since he did not publish his diagrams, nobody else knew about the whereabouts of the notebooks and, therefore, they were discovered long later after he had died (Capra 21). As an engineer, Leonardo’s thoughts and ideas were hugely in advance of his period. He hypothesized a tank, a helicopter, solar power, calculator, and the elementary theory of plate tectonics. However, a few of his designs were feasible during his period. Some of his inventions came into the world of manufacturing unannounced and unpredicted. As a scientist, he immensely enhanced the state of knowledge on areas such as optics, hydrodynamics and anatomy (Capra 107-13). Leonardo was captivated by birds. He observed them, drew them